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Polynesian ground dove
The Polynesian ground dove (''Gallicolumba erythroptera'') is a critically endangered species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to the Tuamotus in French Polynesia with recent records from the atolls of Matureivavao, Rangiroa, Tenararo, Morane, Vahanga and perhaps Tikehau. It favors tropical forests, especially with ''Pandanus tectorius'', ''Pisonia grandis'' and shrubs, but it has also been recorded from dense shrub growing below coconut palms. It is threatened by habitat loss and predation by introduced species such as cats and rats. The total population is estimated to be around 100-120 birds and it has already disappeared from several islands where it formerly occurred.
==Taxonomy==
The Polynesian ground dove was originally described in 1789 as ''Columba erythroptera'' by Johann Friedrich Gmelin. The holotype was collected from the island of Moorea in the Society Islands.〔 The Polynesian ground dove forms a superspecies with its closest living relatives, the white-breasted, white-fronted, and white-throated ground doves.〔 This superspecies is closely related to the Tongan, Santa Cruz, and thick-billed ground doves.〔
Numerous forms of the Polynesian ground dove have been depicted from the various islands and atolls that used to make up its range; however, most of the original specimens have been lost and are now represented only by paintings, and some of the proposed forms may be from inaccurate descriptions and paintings.〔 Two subspecies are generally recognized. The nominate subspecies, ''Gallicolumba erythroptera erythroptera'', was described by Gmelin in 1789 and was originally found on Tahiti, Moorea, Maria Est, Marutea Sud, Matureivavao, Rangiroa, Tenararo, Tenarunga, and Vanavana.〔 A second subspecies was initially described as ''G. e. pectoralis'' in 1848 by Titian Peale from a female specimen collected on Arakita; however, as no male specimen was described from the island, it is impossible to ascribe this bird to a specific subspecies and ''G. e. pectoralis'' was declared invalid.〔 Instead, ''G. e. albicollis'', which was described by Tommaso Salvadori in 1892, is used for the birds found on Hao, Hiti, and probably Tahanea.〔 It has been suggested that this subspecies is merely a color variant, but this is not generally accepted.〔 The Polynesian Ground Dove is only known from female specimens for the remainder of its range, and therefore the populations from these islands are not ascribable to a subspecies.〔
The Polynesian ground dove is also known as the Tuamotu ground dove, the white-collared ground dove, the white-breasted ground dove, the Society ground dove, the Society Islands ground dove, and the Tuamotu Islands ground dove.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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